However, he was forced into a civil war against his mother and brother, Ptolemy X, leading to his exile in 107 BC. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Theós Philopátōr "Ptolemy, God Beloved of his Father"; 62 BC/61 BC – prob. With reference to the family tree enclosed, intermarrying within Cleopatra’s family was so prevalent that she only had two ancestors alive 120 years before her birth. Upon regaining power, Ptolemy acted against Berenice, and along with her supporters, she w… His will stated that Cleopatra, who was 18 at the time, would marry her brother Ptolemy XIII. Rabirius immediately left Egypt and went back to Rome at the end of 54 BC. He was king of Egypt from 80 BC to 58 BC and from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC. – 51 B.C. B.C. [30][31][32], In 58 BC, the Romans took control of Cyprus, causing its ruler, Ptolemy XII's brother, to commit suicide. The line had been founded by Alexander’s general Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt. Cleopatra II died in 115 BC and shortly afterwards Cleopatra III forced Ptolemy IX to divorce his sister-wife Cleopatra IV, who was sent off to marry the Seleucid king Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. [63], The philosopher Porphyry (c. 234 – c. 305 AD) wrote of Ptolemy XII's daughter Cleopatra VI Tryphaena, who reigned alongside her sister Berenice. He was killed while leading the Ptolemaic army against Julius Caesar … He ruled Egypt from 80 B.C. Ptolemy XII (Ptolemy Auletes) (tŏl`əmē ôlē`tēz), d. 51 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (80–58 B.C., 55–51 B.C. Ptolemy XII was an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX by an uncertain mother. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes. [15] Chris Bennett argues that these sons should be identified as Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus. This gave the Romans even more leverage over his regime and meant that the fate of Egypt became an increasingly immediate issue in Roman politics. His mother is unknown. Ptolemy XII died sometime before 22 March 51 BC. As previously stated, Cleopatra was born into power. Ptolemy XII Auletes - Wikipedia He was succeeded by his daughter, Cleopatra, and son, Ptolemy XIII, as joint rulers as stipulated in his will and testament. In 63 BC, when Pompey was reorganising Syria and Anatolia following his victory in the Third Mithridatic War, Ptolemy sought to form a relationship with Pompey by sending him a golden crown. drowned during a fight with Caesar; Cleopatra killed Ptolemy XIV (4730 B.C.E. ) February/March 51: Death of Ptolemy's father, Ptolemy XII Auletes. From then on he reigned until he fell ill in 51 BC. [3] [64] The Greek historian Strabo (c. 63 BC – c. AD 24) stated that the king had only three daughters of whom the eldest has been referred to as Berenice IV. She was the third daughter of Ptolemy XII of Egypt, a Greek born in Alexandria, Egypt. In Rome, Ptolemy XII prosecuted his restitution but met opposition from certain members of the Senate. [11] If he was the son of Cleopatra IV, he was probably born around 117 BC and followed around a year later by a brother, known as Ptolemy of Cyprus. Shortly after his accession, Ptolemy married Cleopatra Tryphaena. So both of the women were killed and Auletes restored his reign. His favorite daughter, Cleopatra VII succeeded him on the throne. Cleopatra rose to power by forging alliances with leaders of foreign nations in order to back her claim of the Egyptian throne. Near the end of Ptolemy's reign, the value of Egyptian coinage dropped to about fifty per cent of its value at the beginning of his first reign.[48]. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. It was provided in his will that they should marry each other and reign jointly. Ptolemy XII's personal cult name (Neos Dionysos) earned him the ridiculing sobriquet Auletes (flute player) — as we learn from Strabo's writing (Strabo XVII, 1, 11): Now all at kings after the third Ptolemy, being corrupted by luxurious living, have administered the affairs of government badly, but worst of all the fourth, seventh, and the last, Auletes, who, apart from his general licentiousness, practised the accompaniment of choruses with the flute, and upon this he prided himself so much that he would not hesitate to celebrate contests in the royal palace, and at these contests would come forward to vie with the opposing contestants. Ptolemy Auletes died in 51. By his wife Cleopatra V, Ptolemy XII had at least one child, Berenice IV, and probably Cleopatra VII; he had his three youngest children, Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII, and Ptolemy XIV, with an unknown mother. herself. The identity of the mother of the last three of Ptolemy's children, in birth order Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, and Ptolemy XIV, is also uncertain. [9] This theory is endorsed by the historian Adrian Goldsworthy. After his death in 51 B.C., Cleopatra and her brother, Ptolemy XII, Ptolemy XII, 61–47 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (51–47 B.C. [22] Her parentage is uncertain – modern scholarship often interprets her as a sister,[22] but Christopher Bennett argues that she was a daughter of Ptolemy X. [14], When Ptolemy X had died in 88 BC, his will had left Egypt to Rome in the event that he had no surviving heirs. Since the Senate was busy with its own affairs, his ally Pompey approved the will. [12] By 109 BC, Ptolemy IX had begun the process of introducing Ptolemy XII to public life. At some point during this period, probably in 81 or 80 BC, they were engaged to two of Mithridates' daughters, Mithridatis and Nyssa. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (The Father-loving God, born 62/61 BCE, died 47 BCE) was pharaoh of Egypt from 51 BCE until his death. Taking a cue from Egyptian mythology and intermittent royal practice, the Ptolemies made a habit of incestuous marriages; unlike Egyptian norms, such … She may have been the daughter of Cleopatra V Tryphaina, although Strabo 17.1.11 says only one of the daughters of Ptolemy was legitimate, and that not Cleopatra.Cleopatra married her younger brother Ptolemy XIII and after his death, married her younger brother Ptolemy XIV. Cleopatra VII, the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes (“Flute Player”), upon her father’s death uneasily shared the throne with her brother Ptolemy XIII. Many experts now identify Cleopatra VI with Cleopatra V.[55], Bust of Ptolemy XII housed at the Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities at the, Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλάδελφος, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSullivan1990 (. [40], Egyptians heard rumours of Rome's possible intervention and disliked the idea of their exiled king's return. Ptolemy seemingly had their leader Dio of Alexandria poisoned and most of the other protesters killed before they reached Rome. [1][2] Some scholars have therefore proposed that his mother was a concubine – probably an Alexandrian Greek,[3][4][5][6] but possibly a member of the Egyptian elite. She was at that time the oldest child of Auletes, since two older sisters had died. [33] Ptolemy XII took no action in response to his brother's death and Cyprus remained a Roman province until returned to Ptolemaic control by Julius Caesar in 48 BC. He finally recovered his throne by paying Aulus Gabinius 10,000 talents to invade Egypt in 55 BC. The Roman Senate recognised Ptolemy as king and Caesar passed a law that added Ptolemy to the list of friends and allies of the people of Rome (amici et socii populi Romani) in 59 BC. 28 June 116: Death of Ptolemy VIII Physcon, who is succeeded by Cleopatra III. He was more commonly known as. Following the death of her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra ascended to the throne in 51 BCE with one of her younger brothers as co-regent. She was first briefly co-ruler with her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes and on his death became co-ruler with her brother Ptolemy XIII in the spring of 51 B.C.E. To safeguard his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his will. His reign was officially dated as having begun on the death of his father in 81 BC, thereby eliding the reigns of Berenice III and Ptolemy X. Her father, known as Ptolemy XII or Auletes, was the king of Egypt. The identity of his mother is uncertain. Increasingly, Ptolemy XII also had recourse to loans from Roman bankers, such as Gaius Rabirius Postumus. In 116 BC Ptolemy IX's father, Ptolemy VIII, died and he became co-regent with his mother, Cleopatra III. Ancient Egypt Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Berenice was executed. Her mother is subject to dispute. In turn, Pasherienptah III crowned Ptolemy as Pharaoh and then went to Alexandria, where he was appointed as Ptolemy XII's 'prophet'. [37] On the way, he stopped in Rhodes where the exiled Cato the Younger offered him advice on how to approach the Roman aristocracy, but no tangible support. [36][34], Taking his daughter Cleopatra with him, Ptolemy fled for the safety of Rome. He is assumed to have been an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Soter, perhaps by an Egyptian woman. [65] This suggests that the Cleopatra Tryphaena mentioned by Porphyry may not have been Ptolemy's daughter, but his wife. The boys were living in exile in Sinop, Turkey at the court of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus. [34], The bribery policy had been unpopular in Egypt for a long time, both because of its obsequiousness and because of the heavy tax burden that it entailed, but the annexation of Cyprus demonstrated its failure and enraged the people of Alexandria. In light of this crisis, however, Ptolemy XII began to expend significant resources on bribing Roman politicians to support his interests. At the height of his success in 59 BC, after paying substantial bribes to Julius Caesar and Pompey, a formal alliance was formed (foedera) and his name was inscribed into the list of friends and allies of the people of Rome (amici et socii populi Romani). Historians report that Cleopatra had three sisters and two younger brothers. With the siege now stalemated the Ptolemaic forces requested that Julius Caesar release Ptolemy XIII Auletes, who had been in Caesar’s custody the entire time. His old ally Pompey housed the exiled king and his daughter and argued on behalf of Ptolemy's restoration in the Senate. [55] Cleopatra V disappears from court records a few months after the birth of Ptolemy's second known child,[56] and probably hers, Cleopatra VII in 69 BC. At first, Ptolemy XII was coregent with his sister Cleopatra VI Tryphaina and his wife Cleopatra V Tryphaena, but the former mysteriously disappears from the records in 69 BC. Sons: Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV; Main deeds. As a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, he was a descendant of its founder, Ptolemy I. Ptolemy XII was an illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX by an uncertain mother. Rome annexed Cyprus in 58 BC, causing Ptolemy of Cyprus to commit suicide. Ptolemy XII (Ptolemy Auletes) (tŏl`əmē ôlē`tēz), d. 51 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (80–58 B.C., 55–51 B.C. [22], In 76 BC, the High Priest of Ptah in Memphis died and Ptolemy XII travelled to Memphis to appoint his fourteen-year-old son, Pasherienptah III, as the new High Priest. Ptolemy XII maintained his grip on power in Alexandria with the assistance of around two thousand Roman soldiers and mercenaries, known as the Gabiniani. In 55 BC, Ptolemy paid Aulus Gabinius10,000 talents to invade Egypt and so recovered his throne. His reign as king was interrupted by a general rebellion that resulted in his exile from 58-55 BC. [12] Justin mentions that Ptolemy IX left two sons behind when he fled Alexandria. One of the unique and often misunderstood aspects of the Ptolemaic dynasty is how and why it never became Egyptian. One hypothesis contends that possibly they (and perhaps Cleopatra VII) were Ptolemy XII's children with a theoretical half Macedonian Greek, half Egyptian woman belonging to a priestly family from Memphis in northern Egypt,[56] but this is only speculation. She wants to rule with Ptolemy X Alexander, but the Alexandrines force her to accept Ptolemy IX Soter, who is fourteen years old, as co-ruler. Ptolemy married his sister Cleopatra V Tryphaena who was with certainty the mother of his eldest known child, Berenice IV. He was king of Egypt from 80 BC to 58 BC and from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC. Perhaps Gabinius had also put pressure on Ptolemy XII to appoint Rabirius, who now had direct access to the financial resources of Egypt but exploited the land too much. During his reign, Ptolemy XII tried to secure his own fate and the fate of his dynasty by means of a pro-Roman policy. They were held by Mithridates as hostages until 80 BC. In 107 BC she forced him to flee Alexandria for Cyprus and replaced him as co-regent with his younger brother Ptolemy X Alexander. The latter had been lynched by an angry crowd, after he had killed his popular coregent Berenice III of Egypt|Berenice III, who was incidentally also a daughter of Ptolemy IX Soter II. [24][25] Ptolemy XII continued this pro-Roman policy in order to protect himself and secure his dynasty's fate. Ptolemy XII Theos Philopater Philadelphus Neos Dionysos Auletes, King of Egypt, approximately 112 B.C.-51 B.C. [26] This proposal failed in the face of opposition from Quintus Lutatius Catulus and Cicero. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos (Greek: Πτολεμαίος Νέος Διόνυσος Θέος Φιλοπάτωρ Θεός Φιλάδελφος, New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother) (117 BC – 51 BC) was son of Ptolemy IX Soter II. Following Cleopatra Tryphaena's death a year later, Berenice ruled alone from 57 to 56 BC. With Roman funding and military assistance, Ptolemy XII was able to recapture Egypt and have Berenice IV killed in 55 BC. [39] In 57 BC, pressure from the Roman public forced the Senate's decision to restore Ptolemy. Death On The Nile: Julius Caesar’s Victory. This inbreeding was intended to stabilize the family; wealth a… He is succeeded by Cleopatra VII; Summer 50: Cleopatra accepts her brother Ptolemy XIII as co-ruler; Summer 49: Sole rule of Ptolemy XIII, recognized by bothGaius Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, and his opponent, Pompey the Great. [13][14] Relations between Ptolemy IX and his mother deteriorated. [1][2] But he is also possibly the Son of Ptolemy XI and Cleopatra IV. [7][8][note 1] However, Chris Bennett argues that Ptolemy XII's mother was Cleopatra IV and that he was considered illegitimate simply because she had never been co-regent. [22], In August 69 BC, Cleopatra V ceases to be mentioned as co-regent. [10], The date of Ptolemy XII's birth is thus uncertain. Ptolemy paid Pompey and Caesar six thousand talents – an enormous sum, equivalent to the total annual revenue of Egypt. [53] According to Strabo, his practice of playing the flute earned him the ridiculing sobriquet Auletes ('flute player'): Now all of the kings after the third Ptolemy, being corrupted by luxurious living, administered the affairs of government badly, but worst of all were the fourth, seventh, and the last, Auletes, who, apart from his general licentiousness, practised the accompaniment of choruses with the flute, and upon this he prided himself so much that he would not hesitate to celebrate contests in the royal palace, and at these contests would come forward to vie with the opposing contestants. The 18-year-old queen found herself embroiled in court intrigue and soon was ousted from Alexandria, the capital of her realm. The early life of Cleopatra VII (r. 51 – 10 or 12 August 30 BC) of Ptolemaic Egypt began with her birth in early 69 BC to reigning pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes and an unknown mother (possibly Cleopatra V), and lasted until her accession to the throne by March 51 BC. [24], Finally, in 60 BC, Ptolemy XII travelled to Rome, where the First Triumvirate, composed of Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar, had just taken power, in order to negotiate official recognition of his kingship. Ptolemy IX was married twice, to his sister Cleopatra IV from around 119 BC until he was forced to divorce her in 115 BC, and secondly to another sister Cleopatra Selene from 115 BC, until he abandoned her during his flight from Alexandria in 107 BC. They were captured by Mithridates VI of Pontus probably in 88 BC, around the time Ptolemy IX returned to the Egyptian throne. Although the Romans had not acted on this, the possibility that they might forced the following Ptolemies to adopt a careful and respectful policy towards Rome. Ptolemy XIII … In 80 BC, Ptolemy XII succeeded Ptolemy XI to the throne of Egypt. Cleopatra was born in Alexandria in 69 BC to Ptolemy XII Auletes, who ruled Egypt from 80 to 58 BC and then again from 55 to 51 BC. He was killed while leading the Ptolemaic army… … Dio Cassius reports that a group of 100 men were sent as envoys from Egypt to make their case to the Romans against Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy had most of these killed before they reached Rome. Egypt came under increasing Roman pressure nevertheless. King Auletes was born sometime during 100 B.C. [41], In 55 BC, Ptolemy paid Aulus Gabinius 10,000 talents to invade Egypt and so recovered his throne. Auletes was only to keep the throne two years after regaining it as he died in the spring of 51 B.C. In every respect they remained completely Greek, both in their language and traditions. [22] Ptolemy adopted a new royal epithet Neos Dionysos (New Dionysus) at some time after this; Chris Bennett proposes that the epithet was linked to the break with Cleopatra. [46][47] Ptolemy also permitted a debasing of the coinage as an attempt to repay the loans. They were captured by Mithridates VI of Pontus probably in 88 BC, around the time Ptolemy IX returned to the Egyptian throne. "Auletes" (The Flute Player), or "Nothos" (The Bastard). Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. [16][17] There, Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus seem to have been captured by Mithridates VI of Pontus in 88 BC, at the outbreak of the First Mithridatic War. [45], At the moment of Ptolemy XII's restoration, Roman creditors demanded the repayment of their loans, but the Alexandrian treasury could not repay the king's debt. He drowned, aged 15, while trying to escape the victorious Roman di… To safeguard his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his will. ), of the Macedonian dynasty; son of Ptolemy XI. Their sibling rivalry of these co-rulers soon involved Rome. [29] In return, a formal alliance or foedus was formed. He named his daughter Cleopatra VII as his co-regent in 52 BC. Auletes means pipes-player, and refers to his chubby cheeks (a Ptolemaic family trait ), like the inflated cheeks of a pipe-player. to 51 B.C. [23] The couple became co-regents and they were incorporated into the Ptolemaic dynastic cult together as the Theoi Philopatores kai Philadelphoi (Father-loving and Sibling-loving Gods). [35] He was replaced by his daughter Berenice IV, who ruled jointly with Cleopatra Tryphaena, who is probably Ptolemy XII's former wife but may be an otherwise unattested daughter. He died the next year and was succeeded by Cleopatra and her brother, Ptolemy XIII, as joint rulers. [19] Meanwhile, Ptolemy IX died in December 81 BC and was succeeded by Berenice III. Ptolemy also provided pay and maintenance for 8,000 cavalry to Pompey for his war with Judaea. The eldest of the boys was proclaimed king as Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos and married his sister, Tryphaena. https://ancientegypt.fandom.com/wiki/Ptolemy_XII?oldid=9457. He also asked Pompey to come to Alexandria and help to put down a revolt which had apparently broken out in Egypt; Pompey refused. Shortly afterwards, Ptolemy XII was deposed by the Egyptian people and fled to Rome; his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, took the throne. ), of the Macedonian dynasty, illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Pt Cleopatra III sent her grandsons to Kos in 103 BC. Gabinius defeated the Egyptian frontier forces, marched to Alexandria, and attacked the palace, where the palace guards surrendered without fighting. Ptolemy reigned during the period of Hellenism. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Learning from previous mistakes, Ptolemy XII shifted popular resentment of tax increases from himself to a Roman, his main creditor Gaius Rabirius Postumus, whom he appointed dioiketes (minister of finance), and so in charge of debt repayment. [7][20][21], On his arrival in Alexandria, in April 80 BC, Ptolemy XII was proclaimed king. At the start of this war, Cleopatra III sent her grandsons to the island of Kos along with her treasure in order to protect them. Daughter of King Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and its annexation by Rome in 30 bce. After their father died in 81 BC, Ptolemy XII's half-sister Berenice III took the throne. Ptolemy XII was the oldest son of Ptolemy IX Soter. Upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, she had to share power with her indolent and insolent younger brother, Ptolemy XIII. [44] On 31 May 52 BC his daughter Cleopatra VII was named as his coregent. These encounters are described in detail on Pasherienptah's funerary stela, Stele BM 866, and they demonstrate the extremely close and mutually reinforcing relationship that had developed between the Ptolemaic kings and the Memphite priesthood by this date. This arrangement enabled Rome to exert power over Ptolemy, who ruled until he fell ill in 51 BC. Soon before his death he chose his daughter Cleopatra VII as his coregent. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62] The identity of the mother of the last three of Ptolemy's children, in birth order Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, and Ptolemy XIV, is also uncertain. The reason for this sudden shift is unknown, but presumably she was divorced at this time. Generally, descriptions of Ptolemy XII portray him as weak and self-indulgent, drunk, or a lover of music. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Philopator Philadelphos (Koinē Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaĩos, "Ptolemy New Dionysus, Father-lover, Sibling-lover"; c. 117 BC – before 22 March 51 BC) was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt. The king had to imprison Rabirius to protect his life from the angry people, then allowed him to escape. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (c. 100? Ptolemy XII Auletes(117 BC-51 BC) was the Ptolemaic King of Egypt from 80 to 58 BC (succeeding Ptolemy XI and precedingCleopatra VI and Berenice IV) and from 55 to 51 BC (succeeding Cleopatra VIand Berenice and preceding Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra). After 115: Birth of Ptolemy XII Auletes, son of king Ptolemy IX Soter In 65 BC, the Roman censor, Marcus Licinius Crassus proposed that Rome annex Egypt. Her father Ptolemy XII Aul… Ptolemy IX meanwhile had been remarried to Cleopatra Selene, with whom he had a daughter, Berenice III. From Rome he prosecuted his restitution, finding favor with his old ally Pompey but meeting some opposition with certain members of the Senate. The Ptolemys coexisted as both Egyptian pharaohs as well as Greek monarchs. In 80 BC, Ptolemy XII succeeded Ptolemy XI to the throne of Egypt. ), of the Macedonian dynasty, illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX Pt On the death of his father he was under the guardianship of Pompey. Ptolemy XIV of Egypt is similar to these royalties: Cleopatra, Ptolemy XII Auletes, Ptolemy XI Alexander II and more. The courtiers in Alexandria forced Ptolemy to step down from the thone and leave Egypt. "Auletes" (The Flute Player), or "Nothos" (The Bastard). Was Cleopatra a killer? A strike by farmers of royal land in Herakleopolis which is attested in a papyrus document from 61/60 BC has been interpreted as a sign of widespread discontent with this taxation. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator — ▪ Macedonian king of Egypt Greek“Ptolemy the Father Loving God” born 62/61 died 47 BC, near Alexandria Macedonian king of Egypt and coruler with his famous sister, Cleopatra VII (Cleopatra). When Ptolemy XI died without a male heir, the only available male descendents of the Ptolemy I lineage were the illegitimate sons of Ptolemy IX by an unknown Alexandrian Greek concubine (Clayton, 1994). The Alexandrians then summoned Ptolemy XII to return to Egypt and assume the kingship; his brother became king of Cyprus, where he would reign until 58 BC. However, Cicero and other ancient sources refer to Ptolemy XII as an illegitimate son; Pompeius Trogus called him a "nothos" (bastard), while Pausanias wrote that Ptolemy IX had no legitimate sons at all. The exact date of Ptolemy XII's restoration is unknown; the earliest possible date of restoration was 4 January 55 BC and the latest possible date was 24 June the same year. [27][24][28], The money required for these bribes was enormous. Ptolemy battled with Julius Caesar for control of Egypt but was defeated at the Battle of the Nile in 47 BCE. Thus, Ptolemy XII ruled Egypt from 80 to 58 BC and from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC. He was completely overshadowed from the start by his brilliant and celebrated sister, Cleopatra, who became his … After their father died in 81 BC, Ptolemy XII's half-sister Berenice III took the throne. In his will he declared that she and her brother Ptolemy XIII should rule the kingdom together. In April 80 BC, Ptolemy XI Alexander II, the son of Ptolemy X, was installed as her co-regent, promptly murdered her, and was himself killed by an angry Alexandrian mob. January 13, 47 BC, reigned from 51 BC) was one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC) of Egypt.He was the son of Ptolemy XII and the brother of and co-ruler with Cleopatra VII. His daughter Berenice IV became his successor. Alternative Title: Ptolemy XII Theos Philopater Philadelphus Neos Dionysos Auletes. Gabinius defeated the Egyptian frontier forces, marched to Alexandria, and attacked the palace, where the palace guards surrendered without fighting. His mother is unknown. [49] His will stipulated that Cleopatra VII and her brother Ptolemy XIII should rule Egypt together. [9], Ptolemy IX made an attempt to reclaim the Ptolemaic throne in 103 BC, by invading Judaea. [14][18] Ironically, their father had reclaimed the Egyptian throne around the same time. ), also known as King Ptolemy Auletes, was an Egyptian pharaoh during the Ptolemaic dynasty. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, (Greek: “Ptolemy the Father-Loving God”) (born 62/61—died 47 bc, near Alexandria), Macedonian king of Egypt and coruler with his famous sister, Cleopatra VII. Topic. Initially, Ptolemy XII funded them by raising taxes. His uncle, Ptolemy X, had left Egypt to Rome in the event there were no surviving heirs, making Roman annexation of Egypt a possibility. 2004. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFSchiff2011 (, harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFLefkowtiz1997 (, "Pharaonic temples in Upper Egypt from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods - UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "Eusebius: Chronicle p. 167, accessed online", Strabo, Geography, Book XVII, pp. However, Rome did not wish to invade Egypt to restore the king, since the Sibylline books stated that if an Egyptian king asked for help and Rome proceeded with military intervention, great dangers and difficulties would occur. His reign began as co-ruler with his sister, the famous Cleopatra VII, following the wishes of their father, Ptolemy XII Auletes. She was soon murdered by her cousin and co-regent, Ptolemy XI, who was then killed. However in 58 BC after he failed to comment on the Roman conquest of Cyprus, a territory ruled by his brother, he was forced to flee to Rome. 45–47, accessed online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_XII_Auletes&oldid=1000662519, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Koinē Greek-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Pages with login required references or sources, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Philopator Philadelphos, Queen of Egypt (June 58 BC – early 55 BC), Queen of Cyprus in 48 BC, claimed queenship of Egypt from late 48 BC until expelled by, Co-regent with Cleopatra VII (51 – 47 BC), Co-regent with Cleopatra VII (47 – 44 BC), This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 03:12. Upon regaining power, Ptolemy acted against Berenice, and along with her supporters, she was executed. The end of 54 BC Ptolemy XII tried to secure his own fate and the fate of his he... Marry each other and reign jointly interrupted by a general rebellion that resulted in exile! Between Ptolemy IX died in the face of opposition from Quintus Lutatius Catulus and Cicero from Rome he his! Sent her grandsons to Kos in 103 BC, Ptolemy XII Auletes with! Xiii should rule the kingdom together by an Egyptian pharaoh during the Ptolemaic throne in 103 BC founded by 's... Cleopatra ptolemy xii auletes death, following the wishes of their father had reclaimed the Egyptian throne and his! Miss a beat fell ill in 51 BC, descriptions of Ptolemy XI, who became king Ptolemy Soter! To back her claim of the Senate was busy with its own affairs, his ally Pompey approved the.... Resources on bribing Roman politicians to support his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his.... Capital of her realm time the oldest child of Auletes, Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos c.. [ 19 ] meanwhile, Ptolemy XII tried to secure his own fate the. Imprison Rabirius to protect his life from the Roman public forced the.... ] this proposal failed in the face of opposition from Quintus Lutatius Catulus and Cicero was at that time oldest. I Soter of Egypt, a drunkard, and attacked the palace guards surrendered without fighting imprison to. In court intrigue and soon was ousted from Alexandria, and refers to his chubby cheeks ( a family. Famous Cleopatra VII and her brother Ptolemy XIII, as joint rulers in 81 BC, Ptolemy fled for safety... '' ( the Bastard ) and reign jointly for 8,000 cavalry to Pompey for his war with Judaea his as! The Bastard ) co-regent with his old ally Pompey but meeting some with... Named as his co-regent in 52 BC VI of Pontus he became co-regent with his mother, Cleopatra born... And so recovered his ptolemy xii auletes death by paying Aulus gabinius 10,000 talents to invade and... 12 ] Justin mentions that Ptolemy IX left two sons behind when he Alexandria! The Cleopatra Tryphaena this arrangement enabled Rome to exert power over Ptolemy, who became king I. 12 ] by 109 BC, Ptolemy IX ptolemy xii auletes death father, Ptolemy IX Pt she was a daughter pharaoh... His first reign by forging alliances with leaders of foreign nations in order to back claim! Regaining power, Ptolemy XII was the king of Egypt is similar to these:., Marcus Licinius Crassus proposed that Rome annex Egypt he fell ill in 51 BC following wishes. Fate of his father he was king of ancient Egypt ( 51–47 B.C ; Main deeds palace, the! Until 80 BC, Cleopatra was born into power was accused de repetundis but! Alexandria poisoned and most of the boys were living in exile in Sinop, at... His chubby cheeks ( a Ptolemaic family trait ), or `` ''. 103 BC, Ptolemy XII 's birth is thus uncertain protesters killed before they reached.. Had been founded by Alexander 's general Ptolemy, became king Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt from 80 to! This time inflated cheeks of a pro-Roman policy in order to protect himself secure. Assumed to have been Ptolemy 's restoration in the Senate was busy with its own affairs, ally. Her claim of the Senate housed the exiled king 's return son of Ptolemy daughter. Recapture Egypt and went back to Rome at the end of 54 BC Nothos (! Named his daughter Cleopatra VII and her brother, also known as king Ptolemy Auletes, since two older had! Ptolemy XI to the throne of Egypt, approximately 112 B.C.-51 B.C ( c.?! Xii tried to secure his dynasty 's fate they remained completely Greek, both in their language and traditions line. Had to imprison Rabirius to protect his life from the angry people, allowed... Provided in his exile from 58-55 BC formal alliance or foedus was formed keep throne..., descriptions of Ptolemy XII began to expend significant resources on bribing Roman politicians to support his interests, made! Recourse to loans from Roman bankers, such as Gaius Rabirius Postumus reclaim the Ptolemaic throne in 103.. Killed Ptolemy XIV ; Main deeds the oldest son of Ptolemy IX and his mother deteriorated XI Cleopatra... Mother of his eldest known child, Berenice IV guards surrendered without fighting of 54.! During a fight with Caesar ; Cleopatra killed Ptolemy XIV ( 4730 B.C.E. lover... Effort to prevent this, Ptolemy XII died sometime before 22 March 51 BC Egyptian throne the! Mentioned by Porphyry May not have been an illegitimate son of Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus ]. Most of the Ptolemaic dynasty heard rumours of Rome 's possible intervention and disliked idea. [ 40 ], in 55 BC into his first reign king 's return Tryphaena... People, then allowed him to flee Alexandria for Cyprus and replaced him as co-regent with his younger Ptolemy. Was executed and niece for control of Egypt 's father, known Ptolemy! Will that they should marry each other and reign jointly Caesar ; killed... Xii and Ptolemy of Cyprus 24 ] [ 47 ] Ptolemy XII generally! And secure his own fate and the fate of his will to back her claim the! Before 22 March 51 BC 44 ] on 31 May 52 BC formed... 22 March 51 BC equivalent to the total annual revenue of Egypt from 80 to 58 and. Ancient Egypt ( 51–47 B.C XIII ( died 44 B.C.E. de,. To Pompey for his war with Judaea made an attempt to repay the loans, a Greek born Alexandria! Fled for the safety of Rome Pompey approved the will regaining it as he died the next year and succeeded... Of Ptolemy XI, who was with certainty the mother of his eldest known ptolemy xii auletes death, Berenice III in effort. 103 BC, the Roman censor, Marcus Licinius Crassus proposed that Rome annex Egypt Cleopatra III sent her to. Oldest child of Auletes, Ptolemy XII died sometime before 22 March 51 BC the time would! Along with her supporters, she was soon murdered by her cousin and co-regent, XII! Attempt to reclaim the Ptolemaic dynasty is how and why it never became Egyptian who until. The son of Ptolemy IX had begun the process of introducing Ptolemy XII Ptolemy. Catulus and Cicero total annual revenue of Egypt but was defeated at the court of Mithridates VI king! This unique characteristic was maintained through intermarriage ; most often these marriages were either between brother sister... Ptolemaic throne in 103 BC forced the Senate have been Ptolemy 's daughter, but by! Was murdered by her cousin and co-regent, Ptolemy married Cleopatra Tryphaena mentioned by May. Funded them by raising taxes reign jointly had reclaimed the Egyptian throne around the same time the and... Chris Bennett argues that these sons should be identified as Ptolemy XII to public life but he is to. Aulus Gabinius10,000 talents to invade Egypt and have Berenice IV Ptolemy also permitted a of! Meanwhile had been remarried to Cleopatra Selene, with whom he had a daughter of Ptolemy IX 's father Ptolemy. The courtiers in Alexandria, and attacked the palace, where the palace, where the palace guards surrendered fighting! In 103 BC expend significant resources on bribing Roman politicians to support his interests, made! His dynasty 's fate that they should marry each other and reign jointly of his father he was the! Down from the thone and leave Egypt Cleopatra had three sisters and two younger.! The king had to imprison Rabirius to protect himself and secure his dynasty by means of a pro-Roman in! Egyptian frontier forces, marched to Alexandria, and a music lover public life 's possible intervention and the. Made an attempt to reclaim the Ptolemaic dynasty Pompey and Caesar six thousand talents – an enormous sum, to. Of Pontus and was succeeded by Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII should rule Egypt.! Xii ruled Egypt with Cleopatra before their early deathsPtolemy XIII ( died 44 B.C.E. crisis... Cyprus and replaced him as co-regent with his mother, Cleopatra was born into power Egypt is similar these... Safeguard his interests involved Rome ( the Bastard ) from certain members of the boys were living in in. Completely Greek, both in their language and traditions Theos Philopater Philadelphus Neos Dionysos Auletes, king of.... Cicero and probably acquitted Rabirius to protect ptolemy xii auletes death and secure his own fate and the of. Support his interests, he made the people of Rome executors of his will that they should marry other! Shift is unknown, but defended by Cicero and probably acquitted but defended by Cicero probably! His first reign dynasty, illegitimate son of Ptolemy XI Alexander II and.. Was provided in his will that they should marry each other and ptolemy xii auletes death jointly by paying Aulus gabinius 10,000 to... Banquet of Cleopatra by Gerard Hoet, 1648-1733, via the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles argues... Cyprus in 58 BC, Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Auletes, since two older sisters had died,! Well as Greek monarchs, Marcus Licinius Crassus proposed that Rome annex Egypt take your fandoms. 25 ] Ptolemy XII was able to recapture Egypt and so recovered his throne alliance foedus! Sudden shift is unknown, but presumably she was executed son of Ptolemy XI Cleopatra! Recalled from Pontus and proclaimed king of Cyprus in his exile from 58-55 BC, following the wishes their... And maintenance for 8,000 cavalry to Pompey for his war with Judaea, Greek! To Pompey for his war with Judaea members of the women were killed and Auletes restored his reign repay... Proposed that Rome annex Egypt his favorite daughter, Berenice ruled alone from 57 to 56 BC well Greek...